The influence of basswood (Tilia americana) and soil chemistry on soil nitrate concentrations in a northern hardwood forest

نویسندگان

  • Blair D. Page
  • Myron J. Mitchell
چکیده

In the Arbutus Lake Watershed in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, two nearly adjacent catchments (14 and 15) varied significantly in volume-weighted stream water nitrate (NO3) export (54 and 17 mequiv. L–1, respectively; P < 0.001). The most notable differences between the catchments were that Catchment 14 had significantly higher soil Ca concentrations and patches of basswood (Tilia americana L.). We evaluated the possible contributions of basswood and soil Ca concentrations to soil water NO3 concentrations. Among the major overstory tree species, basswood leaf litter had the lowest C:N ratios, highest Ca concentrations, and among the lowest lignin:N ratios. Basswood basal area was significantly related to soil water NO3 concentrations (R = 0.46, P = 0.01). Forest floor and mineral soil Ca concentrations were positively correlated with basswood basal area and negatively correlated with American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) basal area. Our results suggest that a relatively low-density, calciphilic species such as basswood may create, given the proper soil conditions, hotspots with elevated soil water NO3 concentrations. These hotspots result from the convergence of high soil Ca concentrations, due mostly to soil geology, with relatively labile litter substrate available for N mineralization and nitrification. Résumé : Dans le bassin du lac Arbutus situé dans les monts Adirondacks, dans l’État de New York, aux États-Unis, deux bassins adjacents (14 et 15) étaient significativement différents en ce qui concerne l’exportation de nitrate (NO3) pondérée par le volume d’eau dans les cours d’eau (respectivement 54 et 17 mequiv. L–1; P < 0,001). Les différences les plus notables entre les deux bassins venaient du fait que le sol dans le bassin 14 avait une concentration en Ca significativement plus grande et supportait des bouquets de tilleul d’Amérique (Tilia americana L.). Nous avons évalué les contributions possibles du tilleul et de la concentration de Ca dans le sol sur la concentration de NO3 dans l’eau du sol. Parmi les principales espèces formant le couvert dominant, la litière de tilleul était caractérisée par le plus faible rapport C:N, la plus forte concentration en Ca et parmi les plus faibles rapports lignine:N. La surface terrière du tilleul était significativement corrélée à la concentration de NO3 dans l’eau du sol (R = 0,46, P = 0,01). Les concentrations de Ca dans la litière et le sol minéral étaient positivement corrélées à la surface terrière du tilleul et négativement corrélées à la surface terrière du hêtre à grandes feuilles (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Nos résultats indiquent qu’à une densité relativement faible, les espèces calciphiles, comme le tilleul d’Amérique, peuvent provoquer localement la présence de fortes concentrations de NO3 dans l’eau du sol si les conditions du sol sont propices. Ces concentrations localisées sont causées par la convergence de fortes concentrations de Ca dans le sol, dues surtout à la géologie du sol, et d’un substrat de litière relativement labile disponible pour la minéralisation et la nitrification de N. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2008